Foliar Application of Chitosan and Phosphorus Alleviate the Potato virus Y-Induced Resistance by Modulation of the Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense System Activity and Gene Expression in Potato

Viruses pose a serious threat to the sustainable production of economically important crops around world. In past 20 years, potato virus Y (PVY) emerged as relatively new and very problem in potatoes, even though it is oldest known plant virus. Multiple strains cause various symptoms on leaves tubers resulting yield reduction poor-quality tubers. Consequently, would be interesting learn what causes systemic PVY resistance plants. Natural compounds such chitosan (CHT) phosphorus have been developed alternatives chemical pesticides manage crop diseases recent years. current study, were foliar-sprayed with assess their ability induce resistance. Compared untreated plants, findings demonstrated significant decrease disease severity accumulation plants for which CHT P applied. Every treatment includes significantly increased growth parameters, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, osmoprotectants (glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugar), non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, phenols, ascorbic acid), enzymatic (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lipoxygenase, glutathione reductase, catalase, β-1,3 glucanase, ascorbate peroxidase), phytohormones (gibberellic acid, indole acetic jasmonic salicylic mineral content (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium), compared infected However, infection values, treatments showed malondialdehyde, DPPH, H2O2, O2, OH, abscisic acid levels. addition, expression levels some regulatory defense genes, including dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (APX), relative pathogenesis-related 1 basic (PR-1b), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), found all treated PVY-infected Conclusion: Phosphorus most effective alleviating infections.